How to Change Soiled Adult Diapers, Pull-Ups, and Briefs

There are so many challenges to growing older. Incontinence is just one of them. How do you go about helping to change an adult diaper?

First, begin with your attitude – this is important! You don’t want to shame the loved one you are helping, and you don’t want to cause them to feel any more embarrassment than they’re already feeling. Be gracious, loving, and don’t let them think they are bothering you. 

Signs That an Adult Diaper Needs to Be Changed

As a caregiver, it’s important to know and recognize the signs that your patient or loved one needs their adult diaper changed. From visual cues to time intervals, these are the signs to look out for:

• Visible wetness or soiling: The most obvious sign that an adult diaper, pull-up, or brief needs changing is visible wetness. Most products now feature a wetness indicator that changes color when wet. If the product appears saturated or soiled, it should be changed immediately to prevent skin irritation and discomfort.
• Odor detection: A noticeable odor is a clear indicator that the adult diaper needs to be changed. Even if wetness or soiling is not immediately visible, an unpleasant smell often indicates that the diaper is no longer effective in containing waste and should be replaced promptly.
• Sagging or bulging: If the product appears to be sagging or bulging more than usual, it is likely full and needs changing. A well-fitting diaper should maintain its shape, so any sagging suggests it has absorbed as much as it can and needs to be changed.
• Skin irritation or redness: Regularly check the skin around the diaper area. If you notice any signs of irritation, redness, or rash, it’s a sign that the product has been on too long and needs to be changed. Prolonged exposure to moisture and waste can cause skin breakdown and discomfort.
• Discomfort or restlessness: Pay attention to the behavior of your loved one or patient. If they appear restless, uncomfortable, or are frequently adjusting their position, it might be due to a wet or soiled diaper. Non-verbal cues such as fidgeting or facial expressions of discomfort can be common indicators.
• Scheduled time intervals: In addition to the signs above, following a regular schedule can help maintain hygiene and comfort. For some seniors, diapers may need to be changed every few hours or immediately after meals and fluids. Establishing a consistent routine can prevent over-saturation and skin issues.
• Check after fluid intake: It’s a best practice to get into the habit of checking after your patient or loved one has consumed any significant amounts of liquid. Drinking large amounts of fluid leads to a higher frequency of urination, so timely checks can prevent the diaper from becoming overly saturated.

By being vigilant and responsive to these signs, caregivers can ensure that their loved ones or patients remain comfortable and hygienic, reducing the risk of skin issues and enhancing their overall well-being.

How Often Adult Diapers Should Be Changed 

The frequency of changing adult diapers can vary based on several factors, including the type of incontinence, whether the individual is bedridden, and the specific type and brand of adult diaper being used. Historically, the rule of thumb was to check and change the diaper every two to four hours. However, this guideline was established when using low-quality healthcare incontinence products was the norm.

With the advent of high-quality premium incontinence products that have gained popularity in the last 10 years, caregivers can now change diapers less frequently without compromising on care and hygiene. These better, more absorbent options with stronger leak protection features typically only require changes every six hours. However, it is essential to observe and establish a routine based on the specific needs of your patient or loved one. Keep track of their usage patterns to get a clear understanding of how often to change the diaper.

Uninterrupted sleep is crucial for overall health and well-being, and incontinence should not be a reason to disturb an individual's rest. Modern premium overnight products are designed to provide excellent protection throughout the night, ensuring users can sleep undisturbed and wake up dry and comfortable.

Adult Diaper Changing Supplies You Need

To begin with, gather up everything you will need. These supplies include:

• Clean Adult Diapers: Stock up on the appropriate size and type of adult diapers, pull-ups, or briefs. There are various brands and styles to choose from, so be sure to purchase the right products.
• Chux pads: A chux pad, or disposable bed pad or underpad, provides a clean, dry surface for diaper changes, keeping the individual clean and surface dry.
• Moistened Wipes: Have plenty of disposable wet wipes or soft washcloths on hand for cleaning the skin thoroughly. Choose wipes that are gentle and designed for sensitive skin to avoid irritation.
• Moisture Barrier Cream or Ointment: Using a moisture barrier cream or ointment helps protect the skin from irritation and rashes caused by prolonged exposure to moisture. Apply a thin layer to the clean, dry skin after each diaper change.
• Trash Bags or Diaper Disposal System: Have a system to dispose of used diapers and wipes. This helps to contain odors and keep your area clean.
• Hand Sanitizer: It’s a best practice to sanitize before and after the diaper change, especially if you don't have immediate access to soap and water.
• Disposable Gloves: These are essential for maintaining hygiene and protecting everyone involved. Always use a fresh pair of gloves for each diaper change.
• A Change of Clothing: While this may not always be necessary, it’s good to keep nearby, if needed. 

Steps to Changing an Adult Diaper 

1. Start with Privacy 

To begin,make sure you close any curtains, draw blinds, and close the door to ensure privacy. Turn off the ceiling fan and direct the airflow away from the area as a nice gesture that will be appreciated.  You can also place a blanket over the person so they feel less exposed.

2. Wash Your Hands 

After you’ve gotten the person you are helping situated, wash your hands. If you are using gloves, put them on. Make sure the bag you have for trash is in a convenient location. If you’re able to, adjust the table so it’s waist-height for easier access. 

3. Remove Soiled Undergarments 

Depending on the type of adult diaper your patient or loved one is wearing, you will first undo the tabs, starting at the front. If they are soiled, toss them in the garbage. Then unfasten the diaper and fold it back on itself, containing the excrement inside. 

4. Clean the Area With Wet Wipes 

Take the wipes and start cleaning away any urine or fecal matter, always wiping from the front to the back to avoid spreading bacteria and introducing an infection.  For men, clean the urethra and shaft. If they are uncircumcised, retreat the foreskin. 

For women, clean any stool on the outer labia, front to back toward the anus. 

Keep on going, folding the wipe and using a clean area each time. Throw it away when it becomes  soiled. 

5. Help the Person Roll Over 

If the person you are assisting can roll over, help them do so and remove the soiled diaper from underneath their hips, throw it into the garbage bag, and have them turn onto their side so you can clean  up their backside. Continue wiping from the front to the back. Have them turn onto their opposite side and wipe them once more, making sure they are clean. Ensure you clean the area between the legs, and all the creases and folds of skin where their legs meet their bottom.

6. Change Your Gloves and Wash Your Hands Again

Remove your old gloves and dispose of them, wash your hands (yes, again!) and put on a new pair. Before you can replace the diaper, you must inspect the whole bottom and genital area for diaper rashes, bumps, or red or broken skin. If needed, liberally apply diaper cream to the entire area. Alternatively, you can use baby powder — whichever the person you are helping would prefer.

7. Replace the Diaper

Once that is finished, it’s time to replace the diaper. Have the person roll back over onto their side, if they aren’t already in that position. Place an unfolded diaper underneath their hip, and have them roll onto their back. Tug at the diaper until it is situated, and fasten it. At this point, you can remove whatever pad you had underneath them and toss it in with the soiled clothing. 

8. Help the individual get dressed and feel comfortable again 

Help the individual get dressed again, if assistance is needed. When they are fully dressed, dispose of the trash, and make sure you wash your hands. Even though your hands were encased in gloves, you should still wash them.

Remember: as you perform this task, the person you are caring for is trusting you to help them. You’re seeing them in a very vulnerable situation, so it’s best to be kind, open, communicative, respectful, and discreet.  

Challenges You May Encounter When Changing an Adult Diaper

Physical Demands

Depending on the mobility of the individual, you may need an extra hand to help you turn the patient over. If no one is available, keep in mind specific body mechanics so you do not injure or strain yourself. Keep a neutral spine, avoid twisting your spine, bend at your knees and hips, and pivot with your feet to turn. 

Skin Irritation 

Excessive moisture can wreak havoc on skin. It can be challenging to stay ahead of it by changing diapers frequently enough. That’s why it’s so important to always check for skin irritation and use oils, moisturizers, and barrier creams to help deter skin irritation. 

Sensitivity

Changing an adult diaper is a vulnerable process both for the caregiver and the individual being changed. It’s important to conduct yourself with sensitivity before, during and after so you do not make the person you’re helping feel uncomfortable or shameful. If it’s the first time they are being changed, it may take them a while to feel comfortable.

Time Management  

Balancing frequent diaper changes round the clock can become an almost full-time job.
Create a routine so you can manage voiding schedules properly. 

Quick Tips for a Smooth Adult Diaper Changing Process

• Avoid alcohol-based wipes or any harsh soaps. Instead, opt for fragrance-free wipes for sensitive skin or a no-rinse perineal cleanse (if necessary). 
• Make sure the skin is dry before putting a fresh diaper on.
• Moisturize with fragrance-free lotion designed for incontinence care or a barrier cream to promote skin health. Look for creams with 10% zinc oxide. 
• Make sure the diapers you’re using are snug but not too tight, and that they’re the right size and absorbency level. Look for products with breathable materials and leakage protection. 
• Have plenty of disposable gloves handy and a diaper pail to keep odors at bay. 

Tips and Tricks for Changing Adult Pull-Ups and Tab Top Briefs

Many of the steps involved with changing pull-ups and tabbed briefs are the same as the steps to changing an adult diaper. It’s still important to offer privacy, wash your hands, gently and thoroughly wipe the area, and provide comfort. 

However, because pulls-ups and tab top briefs work differently, there are some best practices to know.

Pull-Ups

• Use the Tear-Away Sides for Easy Removal: Most pull-ups are designed with tearable sides, allowing you to quickly and easily remove the soiled pull-up without having to slide it down the legs. This is especially useful for heavily soiled pull-ups, minimizing mess and making the change process faster
• Encourage Participation and Independence: Whenever possible, involve the individual in the changing process. If they can stand or assist, guide them to step out of the soiled pull-up and into the fresh one. This maintains their dignity and promotes a sense of independence.

Tab Top Briefs

• Fasten and Unfasten Tabs with Care: Start by unfastening the bottom tabs first, then move to the top tabs to keep the brief secure and avoid unnecessary shifting. When securing a new brief, fasten the bottom tabs first, followed by the top tabs, to provide a snug and comfortable fit.
• Ensure Secure Placement and Adjust for Comfort: Place the new brief under the individual’s hips and align it properly. Check that the brief fits snugly around the waist and legs to prevent leaks. Make any necessary adjustments to make sure the brief is comfortable and secure before finishing up.

How Parentgiving Can Help You as a Caregiver

Parentgiving is the one-stop-shop for caregivers and aging adults. We carry a wide selection of premium incontinence products that you can purchase as samples to try at home. We also offer a large library of educational resources to help seniors and caregivers feel more empowered during these life transitions.